测试开发技术网站

[TOC]

![](https://redrose2100.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/img/7cd47362-951c-11ee-986a-0242ac110004.png)

在执行自动化脚本的时候，出现告警的情况时非常常见的，比如我们使用了一个很快要被废弃了的语法，比如我们用了一个不被推荐的用法等等，当然可以对告警不做任何处理，但是从追求完美的角度或者说从学习技术的角度，我们还是有必要去了解一下有哪些方法来处理告警，首先看如下代码，这里使用了一个未声明的mark标签。
```python
import pytest

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_demo1():
    print("in test_demo1 ...")
    assert 1==1
```
执行结果如下，这里就产生了一个告警，提示smoke这个标签被注册，告警中还给出了参考文档的链接。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -s
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py in test_demo1 ...
.

==================== warnings summary =====================
test_demo.py:3
  E:\demo\test_demo.py:3: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/mark.html
    @pytest.mark.smoke

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
============== 1 passed, 1 warning in 0.02s ===============

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
从执行的结果可以看出，告警信息给常多，不利于问题定位以及回显显示，所以在有些情况下我们可能希望不要显示这些告警信息，此时就可以使用 –W ignore 即可，如下所示。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W ignore
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py .                                       [100%]

==================== 1 passed in 0.02s ====================

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
当然从另外一个角度，有告警说明告警提示最好还是要做适当的修改调整的，那么如果在追求更加完美的角度，为了让脚本开发者必须解决告警的情况下，可以使用 –W error ，这样一来，所有的告警信息就会转换为报错，即强制使得测试用例失败，因为只有用例失败了，脚本开发者才会不得不去作出对应的修改和调整。
如下所示，这里就将测试smoke的标签显示为错误，这样一来脚本开发者就必须去解决这个问题。当然是否要采用这种策略，要根据具体的情况而定。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W error
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 0 items / 1 error

========================= ERRORS ==========================
______________ ERROR collecting test_demo.py ______________
test_demo.py:3: in <module>
    @pytest.mark.smoke
C:\Users\Administrator\.virtualenvs\demo-HCIhX0Hq\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:549: in __getattr__
    2,
E   pytest.PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/mark.html
================= short test summary info =================
ERROR test_demo.py - pytest.PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.sm...
!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!
==================== 1 error in 0.11s =====================

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
上面的对告警的处理是将所有的告警统一处理，即当使用 –W ignore 时，所有类型的告警都将不显示，当使用 –W error 时，所有类型的告警都将报错，在实际应用中，我们可能会遇到这种场景，即希望一些特定类型的告警不显示，或者说希望特定类型的告警报错，此时就需要在 –W ignore 和 –W error 后面继续指定告警类型了。
比如如下测试代码，这里一种是smoke标签这种未注册类型的告警，一种是人为抛出的用户类型告警。
```python
import pytest
import warnings

@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_demo1():
    print("in test_demo1 ...")
    warnings.warn(SyntaxWarning("warning，used to test..."))
assert 1==1
```
执行结果如下，这里显示有两个告警，而且从执行结果中可以到一个告警的类型是PytestUnknownMarkWarning， 另一个告警的类型是SyntaxWarning。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -s
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py in test_demo1 ...
.

==================== warnings summary =====================
test_demo.py:4
  E:\demo\test_demo.py:4: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/mark.html
    @pytest.mark.smoke

test_demo.py::test_demo1
  E:\demo\test_demo.py:7: SyntaxWarning: warning，used to test...
    warnings.warn(SyntaxWarning("warning，used to test..."))

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
============== 1 passed, 2 warnings in 0.02s ==============

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
比如这里不想显示PytestUnknownMarkWarning，而希望SyntaxWarning告警正常显示，此时就需要指定告警类型进行精确不显示了。这里就涉及到Python中内置的告警类型了，首先在Python语言中Warning是所有告警的父类，也就是如果指定Warning类型，则所有告警将别忽略不显示，如下所示。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W ignore::Warning
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py .                                       [100%]

==================== 1 passed in 0.02s ====================

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
子类告警类型主要有BytesWarning，DeprecationWarning，FutureWarning，ImportWarning，PendingDeprecationWarning，ResourceWarning，RuntimeWarning，SyntaxWarning，UnicodeWarning，UserWarning，显然Python内置告警类型中没有PytestUnknownMarkWarning，那么这里如果直接指定PytestUnknownMarkWarning类型是会报错的，如下所示。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W ignore::PytestUnknownMarkWarning
ERROR: while parsing the following warning configuration:

ignore::PytestUnknownMarkWarning

This error occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\.virtualenvs\demo-HCIhX0Hq\lib\site-packages\_pytest\config\__init__.py", line 1690, in parse_warning_filter
    category: Type[Warning] = _resolve_warning_category(category_)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\.virtualenvs\demo-HCIhX0Hq\lib\site-packages\_pytest\config\__init__.py", line 1729, in _resolve_warning_category
    cat = getattr(m, klass)
AttributeError: module 'builtins' has no attribute 'PytestUnknownMarkWarning'

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
实质上PytestUnknownMarkWarning是UserWarning类型的子类，因此这里只需要指定UserWarning类型即可，执行结果如下所示，即此时执行结果只显示脚本中主动抛出的SyntaxWarning的告警了。
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W ignore::UserWarning
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py .                                       [100%]

==================== warnings summary =====================
test_demo.py::test_demo1
  E:\demo\test_demo.py:7: SyntaxWarning: warning，used to test...
    warnings.warn(SyntaxWarning("warning，used to test..."))

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
============== 1 passed, 1 warning in 0.02s ===============

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```
同理，如果希望脚本中主动抛出的SyntaxWarning类型的告警为错误，同样的方式在-W error后指定即可，如下所示：
```bash
(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>pytest -W error::SyntaxWarning
=================== test session starts ===================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: E:\demo
plugins: assume-2.4.3, rerunfailures-10.2
collected 1 item

test_demo.py F                                       [100%]

======================== FAILURES =========================
_______________________ test_demo1 ________________________

@pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_demo1():
        print("in test_demo1 ...")
>       warnings.warn(SyntaxWarning("warning，used to test..."))
E       SyntaxWarning: warning，used to test...

test_demo.py:7: SyntaxWarning
------------------ Captured stdout call -------------------
in test_demo1 ...
==================== warnings summary =====================
test_demo.py:4
  E:\demo\test_demo.py:4: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.smoke - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/mark.html
    @pytest.mark.smoke

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
================= short test summary info =================
FAILED test_demo.py::test_demo1 - SyntaxWarning: warning，used to test...
============== 1 failed, 1 warning in 0.07s ===============

(demo-HCIhX0Hq) E:\demo>
```

测试开发技术网站

博客