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### 1 将Liquibase安装目录中的example文件夹拷贝至其他位置，如：
![](/static/upload/20220506_060947.png)

### 2 启动H2 database作为测试使用
在cmd窗口进入 example目录，然后执行 liquibase init start-h2 命令
```bash
D:\src\examples>liquibase init start-h2
####################################################
##   _     _             _ _                      ##
##  | |   (_)           (_) |                     ##
##  | |    _  __ _ _   _ _| |__   __ _ ___  ___   ##
##  | |   | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \  ##
##  | |___| | (_| | |_| | | |_) | (_| \__ \  __/  ##
##  \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___|  ##
##              | |                               ##
##              |_|                               ##
##                                                ##
##  Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com       ##
##  Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com  ##
##  Free schema change activity reports at        ##
##      https://hub.liquibase.com                 ##
##                                                ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 14:11:59 (version 4.9.1 #1978 built at 2022-03-28 19:39+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.9.1
Liquibase Community 4.9.1 by Liquibase
Starting Example H2 Database...
NOTE: The database does not persist data, so stopping and restarting this process will reset it back to a blank database

Connection Information:
  Dev database:
    JDBC URL: jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9090/mem:dev
    Username: dbuser
    Password: letmein
  Integration database:
    JDBC URL: jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9090/mem:integration
    Username: dbuser
    Password: letmein

Opening Database Console in Browser...
  Dev Web URL: http://192.168.2.69:8090/frame.jsp?jsessionid=6f0e45dd9a8f7c060f9b76e8633b183d
  Integration Web URL: http://192.168.2.69:8090/frame.jsp?jsessionid=a4cb3c7057107c91a2c7318b3c4a7841
```
同时在浏览器打开H2 database终端的web页面
![](/static/upload/20220506_061344.png)

### 3 执行update命令
新打开一个cmd窗口，进入 example/xml目录，然后执行 liquibase update 命令
```bash
D:\src\examples\xml>liquibase update
####################################################
##   _     _             _ _                      ##
##  | |   (_)           (_) |                     ##
##  | |    _  __ _ _   _ _| |__   __ _ ___  ___   ##
##  | |   | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \  ##
##  | |___| | (_| | |_| | | |_) | (_| \__ \  __/  ##
##  \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___|  ##
##              | |                               ##
##              |_|                               ##
##                                                ##
##  Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com       ##
##  Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com  ##
##  Free schema change activity reports at        ##
##      https://hub.liquibase.com                 ##
##                                                ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 16:13:58 (version 4.9.1 #1978 built at 2022-03-28 19:39+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.9.1
Liquibase Community 4.9.1 by Liquibase
Do you want to see this operation's report in Liquibase Hub, which improves team collaboration?
If so, enter your email. If not, enter [N] to no longer be prompted, or [S] to skip for now, but ask again next time [S]:
N
No operations will be reported. Simply add a liquibase.hub.apiKey setting to generate free deployment reports. Learn more at https://hub.liquibase.com
* Updated properties file liquibase.properties to set liquibase.hub.mode=off
Running Changeset: example-changelog.xml::1::your.name
Running Changeset: example-changelog.xml::2::your.name
Running Changeset: example-changelog.xml::3::other.dev
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.

D:\src\examples\xml>
```
### 4 分析update命令的操作原理
执行update命令实质是参照example-changelog.xml文件执行了sql命令，打开example-changelog.xml文件，内容如下：可见，这里创建了一个person表，一个company表，此外还给person表增加了一个country的列
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<changeSet id="1" author="your.name" labels="example-label" context="example-context">
          <comment>example-comment</comment>
        <createTable tableName="person">
            <column name="id" type="int" autoIncrement="true">
                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="name" type="varchar(50)">
                <constraints nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="address1" type="varchar(50)"/>
            <column name="address2" type="varchar(50)"/>
            <column name="city" type="varchar(30)"/>
        </createTable>
    </changeSet>

<changeSet id="2" author="your.name" labels="example-label" context="example-context">
        <comment>example-comment</comment>
        <createTable tableName="company">
            <column name="id" type="int" autoIncrement="true">
                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="name" type="varchar(50)">
                <constraints nullable="false"/>
            </column>
            <column name="address1" type="varchar(50)"/>
            <column name="address2" type="varchar(50)"/>
            <column name="city" type="varchar(30)"/>
        </createTable>
    </changeSet>

```

### 5 到H2 database查看结果
此时刷新H2 database的web页面，如下可以看到确实增加了person和company两个表，而且person表中有country列
![](/static/upload/20220506_062551.png)

### 6 执行liquibase update查找配置文件的流程
执行liquibase的命令是从配置文件liquibase.properties中读取配置的，如下，可以看出是读取example-changelog.xml中的sql配置命令，然后去链接jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9090/mem:devde 的数据库进行操作的
```bash
####     _     _             _ _
##      | |   (_)           (_) |
##      | |    _  __ _ _   _ _| |__   __ _ ___  ___
##      | |   | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \
##      | |___| | (_| | |_| | | |_) | (_| \__ \  __/
##      \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___|
##                  | |
##                  |_|
##
##      The liquibase.properties file stores properties which do not change often,
##      such as database connection information. Properties stored here save time
##      and reduce risk of mistyped command line arguments.
##      Learn more: https://www.liquibase.org/documentation/config_properties.html
####
####
##   Note about relative and absolute paths:
##      The liquibase.properties file requires paths for some properties.
##      The classpath is the path/to/resources (ex. src/main/resources).
##      The changeLogFile path is relative to the classpath.
##      The url H2 example below is relative to 'pwd' resource.
####
# Enter the path for your changelog file.
changeLogFile=example-changelog.xml

#### Enter the Target database 'url' information  ####
liquibase.command.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9090/mem:dev

# Enter the username for your Target database.
liquibase.command.username: dbuser

# Enter the password for your Target database.
liquibase.command.password: letmein

#### Enter the Source Database 'referenceUrl' information ####
## The source database is the baseline or reference against which your target database is compared for diff/diffchangelog commands.

# Enter URL for the source database
liquibase.command.referenceUrl: jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9090/mem:integration

# Enter the username for your source database
liquibase.command.referenceUsername: dbuser

# Enter the password for your source database
liquibase.command.referencePassword: letmein

# Logging Configuration
# logLevel controls the amount of logging information generated. If not set, the default logLevel is INFO.
# Valid values, from least amount of logging to most, are:
#   OFF, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, TRACE, ALL
# If you are having problems, setting the logLevel to DEBUG and re-running the command can be helpful.
# logLevel: DEBUG

# The logFile property controls where logging messages are sent. If this is not set, then logging messages are
# displayed on the console. If this is set, then messages will be sent to a file with the given name.
# logFile: liquibase.log

#### Liquibase Pro Key Information ####
# Learn more, contact support, or get or renew a Pro Key at https://www.liquibase.com/protrial
# liquibase.pro.licensekey:

#### Liquibase Hub Information ####
# Liquibase Hub is a free secure SaaS portal providing status reporting, monitoring & insights
# into your Liquibase database release automation.
# https://hub.liquibase.com

## Add your free Hub API key here
# liquibase.hub.apikey:
# liquibase.hub.mode:all

##  Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com       ##
##  Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com  ##
##  Get support at liquibase.com/support         ##

liquibase.hub.mode=off

```

### 7 对example-changelog.xml修改，再次执行
比如在末尾增加如下两行

```xml
	<changeSet author="redrose2100" id="1">
		<addColumn tableName="company">
			<column name="country" type="varchar(2)"/>
		</addColumn>
	</changeSet>
```
完成内容如下：
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<changeSet id="3" author="other.dev" labels="example-label" context="example-context">
        <comment>example-comment</comment>
        <addColumn tableName="person">
            <column name="country" type="varchar(2)"/>
        </addColumn>
    </changeSet>
	<changeSet author="redrose2100" id="1">
		<addColumn tableName="company">
			<column name="country" type="varchar(2)"/>
		</addColumn>
	</changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>

```
### 8 再次执行update命令
执行回显如下所示，提示执行成功
```bahs
D:\src\examples\sql>liquibase update
####################################################
##   _     _             _ _                      ##
##  | |   (_)           (_) |                     ##
##  | |    _  __ _ _   _ _| |__   __ _ ___  ___   ##
##  | |   | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \  ##
##  | |___| | (_| | |_| | | |_) | (_| \__ \  __/  ##
##  \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___|  ##
##              | |                               ##
##              |_|                               ##
##                                                ##
##  Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com       ##
##  Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com  ##
##  Free schema change activity reports at        ##
##      https://hub.liquibase.com                 ##
##                                                ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 14:38:37 (version 4.9.1 #1978 built at 2022-03-28 19:39+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.9.1
Liquibase Community 4.9.1 by Liquibase
Running Changeset: example-changelog.sql::1::redrose2100
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.

D:\src\examples\sql>
```

### 9 刷新H2 database的WEB页面
如下，可以看到已经增加，字段类型也符合
![](/static/upload/20220506_064058.png)

### 10 此时不做任何修改再次执行一次update命令
如下，可以看出，此时并为做什么操作
```bash
D:\src\examples\sql>liquibase update
####################################################
##   _     _             _ _                      ##
##  | |   (_)           (_) |                     ##
##  | |    _  __ _ _   _ _| |__   __ _ ___  ___   ##
##  | |   | |/ _` | | | | | '_ \ / _` / __|/ _ \  ##
##  | |___| | (_| | |_| | | |_) | (_| \__ \  __/  ##
##  \_____/_|\__, |\__,_|_|_.__/ \__,_|___/\___|  ##
##              | |                               ##
##              |_|                               ##
##                                                ##
##  Get documentation at docs.liquibase.com       ##
##  Get certified courses at learn.liquibase.com  ##
##  Free schema change activity reports at        ##
##      https://hub.liquibase.com                 ##
##                                                ##
####################################################
Starting Liquibase at 14:41:45 (version 4.9.1 #1978 built at 2022-03-28 19:39+0000)
Liquibase Version: 4.9.1
Liquibase Community 4.9.1 by Liquibase
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.

D:\src\examples\sql>
```

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